github生成SSH_keys

该文章将向大家详细介绍如何生成github SSH keys

第一步：检查电脑里面是否存在SSH keys

打开 Git Bash 输入：

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$ ls -al ~/.ssh
# Lists the files in your .ssh directory, if they exist

如果存在将看到如下文件：

  • id_dsa.pub
  • id_ecdsa.pub
  • id_ed25519.pub
  • id_rsa.pub

第二步：生成新的SSH key

  1. 在终端输入以下指令(mac),如果是windows可以用Git bash. 引号中输入你的github账号邮箱地址.

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    $ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
    # Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label
    # Generating public/private rsa key pair.

  2. 直接按__enter__继续.

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    Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa): [Press enter]

  3. 你需要设置密码指令，后面会用到(输入密码，无需和github账号相同).

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    Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
    # Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]

  4. 在你设置密码指令之后, 你将会得到你的SSH key的 fingerprint（指纹）, 或 id. 如下所示:

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    Your identification has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.
    # Your public key has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
    # The key fingerprint is:
    # 01:0f:f4:3b:ca:85:d6:17:a1:7d:f0:68:9d:f0:a2:db your_email@example.com

第三步： 添加你的key至ssh-agent

配置 ssh-agent 程序来使用你生成的SSH key:

如果你安装了GitHub for Windows, 你可以用它来克服仓库，这样不需要使用SSH keys。它还自带了Git Bash工具，在windows平台Git bash可以更好的运行git命令。

  1. 确保ssh-agent是激活的:
    如果你使用 Git Bash,激活 ssh-agent:

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    # start the ssh-agent in the background
    $ ssh-agent -s
    # Agent pid 59566

    ps:(windows)我当时直接运行没有成功，加了__eval__才行,原因

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    eval `ssh-agent -s`

    或者(优先)

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    eval "$(ssh-agent)"

  2. 把你生成的SSH key 添加至 ssh-agent:

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    $ ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

第四步： 把你的 SSH key 添加到你的 github 账号

用你的 SSH key 配置 github 账号:
把 SSH key 粘贴到剪切板. 如果你的 key 名字为 id_dsa.pub, id_ecdsa.pub 或者 id_ed25519.pub, 那么把下面指令的文件名id_rsa.pub改成和你的 key 相匹配的名字:

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$ clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
# Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard

# macOs
$ pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
# Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard

# GNU/Linux (requires the xclip package)
xclip -sel clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
# Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard

# Windows Command Line
type %userprofile%\.ssh\id_rsa.pub | clip
# Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard

# Git Bash on Windows / Windows PowerShell
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | clip
# Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard

如果手动复制，要注意复制的key是ssh-rsa开头,你的email结尾

在github账号设置里面找到add ssh key; title随意添写，key复制进去。

第五步： 测试连接

确保所有的事情都正常进行, 你现在将试着 SSH 进 GitHub. 当你这么做的时候, 你将会被请求密码鉴定，密码就是你之前设置的密码指令（SSH key passphrase）。

  1. 打开 Git Bash 并输入:

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    $ ssh -T git@github.com
    # Attempts to ssh to GitHub

  2. 你可能看到如下警告:

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    The authenticity of host 'github.com (207.97.227.239)' can't be established.
    # RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
    # Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

    核实信息中你看到的 fingerprint(指纹) 是否和下面的信息匹配，然后输入yes:

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    Hi username! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

  3. 如果信息中的 username 是你的, 你就已经成功的设置了SSH Key!

如果你收到了拒绝访问的信息 “access denied,” you can read these instructions for diagnosing the issue.

如果你想从HTTPS转换到SSH，你将需要更新你的远程仓库 URLs.
If you’re switching from HTTPS to SSH, you’ll now need to update your remote repository URLs.

之前博客从github迁移到了gitcafe, gitcafe之后被coding收购, 所以想把博客迁移至coding. 可是在添加ssh key的时候, 执行ssh -T git@coding.net一直报错：

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ssh: connect to host coding.net port 22: Connection refused

一直在搜索解决方案，没有找到好的解决办法，最后发现coding的page服务已经开始按天收费了，所以还是默默的把blog迁回了github，毕竟github是最稳定的。

如果要配置多个ssh key

需在.ssh/目录下增加一个config文件
.ssh/config :

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Host myshortname realname.example.com
    HostName realname.example.com
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/realname_rsa # private key for realname
    User remoteusername

Host myshortname git.yypm.com
    HostName git.yypm.com
    IdentityFile ~/.ssh/feb-gitlab_rsa
    User xieqi

更多信息
For more information, see Changing a remote’s URL.